Networking

Networking(updated version)

Networking is the basic before learning how to hack.Without knowing networking you are nothing but a lame person who know how to hack but dont know what he is doing so i found it very important to include a whole chapter on networking.

Network Types:

LAN or Local Area Network-The networking is between computers within a building of an office.

MAN or Metropoltian Area Network-The networking is between two offices in a city.

WAN or Wide Area Network-The networking is between computers of different cities or counteries.

TCPIP:

TCPIP or Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol is a stack or collection of various protocols. A protocol is set of rules that are used by two machines to communicate with each other.

Just like any phone system TCP/IP is too a packet-switching system .In a packet switching network the whole data doesn’t travel in a single time, instead, the data is broken up into chunks called packets using the IP protocol. each packet has an IP address that refers to the sender and destination.These packets are passed from one network to another until they reach the destination.As the packets travell along internet, they encounter routers every where.These routers read the destination IP address of the destination and determine the most efficfient route each packet has to take to move closer to its destination. At the destination the packets are reassembled into a complete message.

The TCPIP suite also has to correct some problems that might occur during the data transfer.

Before assembly the checksum of each packet is calculated and checked with that has been send in the packet.If they don't match then the packet is corrupt.If packets are damaged or lost , a request is send to resend them.